ʻO ka lānahu pauka kalapona hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo ke kumu kūʻai kalapona hoʻōla ʻia.

Crucibles, retorts, foundry facings, molds, lubricants, paints and coatings, boiler compounds, powder glazing, electrotyping, monochromator in X-ray diffraction analysis, fluorinated graphite polymers with fluorine-to-carbon ratios of 0.1-1.25, electrodes, bricks, nā mea hana kemika, nā mīkini a me nā pulupulu mīkini hana, nā apo sila, nā nozzles rocket, ka mea hoʻoponopono i nā reactors nuklea, nā cathodes i nā cell electrolytic, nā penikala, nā fibers, nā bearings self-lubricating, intercalation compounds. Nui nā mea hoʻohana no ke kalapona ʻeleʻele loa. ʻO ia, ʻaʻohe kānalua, hana ʻoi aku i nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka honua o ka kemika kalapona hou. ʻO ke ʻano o ka carbon e hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i nā apo a me nā ʻano kaulahao pololei a me nā lālā i hiki ke hoʻohui i ka hydrogen a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻĀtoma kumu i kēia mau hale. (E nānā i ka helu 5 ma ka māhele o ka puke i kapa ʻia ʻo “Atomic Structure” no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka nahesa e ʻai ana i kona huelo ma ke ʻano he hoʻohālikelike no ke apo kalapona o benzene. E hana i nā molekala nui loa e like me nā polymers, nā proteins, a me nā carbohydrates e pono ai ke ola. No laila, ma ke ʻano o ka coke i loko o nā kapuahi puhi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ia i nā metala ma ka wehe ʻana i ka oxidesand nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe mai ka hao. ʻO ka carbon, e like me ka graphite, he mau waiwai conductivity uila ikaika. He mea nui ia i nā electrodes i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e komo pū ana me nā pūnaewele uila (pāʻani). 'Oia'i'o, 'o ke kalapona kekahi mea waiwai kaulana (e la'a, daimana). Hoʻohana ʻia ke koʻokoʻo kalapona aniani ma ke ʻano he mea electrode i ka electrochemistry. Hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā crucibles wela wela. Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kekahi mau mea hana prosthetic. Hoʻohana ʻia ka membrane ion-selective conductor uila.