ʻO ka pauka Nano Fe Maʻemaʻe Kiʻekiʻe no nā Alloys Entropy kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao e like me nā kila kalapona he nui loa a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā 410 IRON o nā huila ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kila kalapona he mau ʻāpana hao i loaʻa ke kalapona i nā ʻāpana like ʻole, maʻamau a hiki i ka 1.7% kalapona. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā metala ʻē aʻe i nā kila kalapona e hana i nā kila haʻahaʻa. ʻO ia mau metala ʻo ia ka nickel a me ka chromium a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia me ke kila kila, nā kila mea hana, a me nā kila wela. ʻO nā mea hao hao ʻole e like me ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ka hao i hana ʻia, ka hao nickel a me ka hao silika he nui nā noi nui. ʻO kekahi noi nui o ka hao ma ke ʻano he catalyst ʻoihana. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i loko o ka catalyst haku mele ma ke kaʻina Haber no ka synthesis o ka amonia, a ma ke kaʻina Fischer-Tropsch no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaila synthetic. Eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā noi maʻamau: nā lāʻau lapaʻau, pesticides, pauka metallurgy a pēlā aku; e like me ka mea hana hydrogen wela, gel propellant, combustion activator, catalyst, wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe adsorbent, sintered active agent, etc. ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana paʻakai hao a me ka ʻoihana uila; e like me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai (iron fortifier), no ka hoʻolei ʻana, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻemi; i ka ʻoihana uila, pauda metallurgy. ʻO ka hao he mineral i hoʻohana ʻia i ka paʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai e pono ai no ka pale ʻana i ka anemia, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka hemoglobin a pēlā ka nui o ka oxygen i hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻiʻo. ʻO nā kumu kumu he ferric ammonium sulfate, chloride, fructose, glycerophosphate, nitrate, phosphate, pyrophosphate a me ferrous ammonium sulfate, citrate, sulfate, a me ka sodium hao edta. ʻO ke ʻano ferric (fe3+) he hao ia ma ke kūlana valence kiʻekiʻe loa a ʻo ke ʻano ferrous (fe2+) he hao ma kahi kūlana valence haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole pono e wehe a hoʻohui i ka ʻono a paʻa ke kumu hao. ʻO nā pauka hao e hoʻohua haʻahaʻa i ke kala a me ka rancidity. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka paʻa ʻana i ka palaoa, nā mea i kālua ʻia, pasta, a me nā huahana cereal. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hao mai kāna ʻala i loko o kahi umu ahi kahi e hoʻomehana ʻia ai ke kalapona (coke) a me ka limestone me ka ʻaila e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka hao i loko o ka ʻiʻa a hoʻololi i ka hao tomolten, i kapa ʻia ʻo "puaʻa hao." Loaʻa i ka hao puaʻa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kekahi kalapona a me ke silikoni a me kekahi mau mea haumia ʻē aʻe i ka ʻohi ʻana i lalo o ka umu me ka pala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma luna o ka hao. Paʻi ʻia ʻelua a hoʻokahe ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia kēia kaʻina hana no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hou aku i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai ka hao a me ka slag mai lalo o ka umu. i ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hao ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana Bessemer e Henry Bessemer (1813–1898). Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ua koi ʻia ka ea a i ʻole ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma o ka hao puaʻa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (hoʻopau) i ke kalapona a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe. A laila hana ʻia ʻo Steelis i loko o ka umu hoʻoheheʻe oxygen, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ke kalapona i loko o ka hao ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka paʻakikī a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke kila me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui a me ka annealing, ke kinai ʻana i ka paʻakikī, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke kila. kūpono i nā ʻano i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala homogenous (ʻano like ʻole). Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka Magnetism i loko o nā huahana hao e ka hoʻokomo uila. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mākēneki o nā nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole i nā kaʻa, atom smashers, CT scanners, a me nā pale TV a me nā kamepiula, e hoʻohana i kekahi mau mea hoʻohana. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā super magnets e ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe (e ʻike i ka cobalt) i ka hao kiʻekiʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia ma ke ʻano he trace element i loko o ka meaʻai, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o nā meaʻai e hana i ka ikehu. Pono mākou ma kahi o 10 a 18 milligrams o ka hao i kēlā me kēia lā, ma ke ʻano he mineral. ʻO ka hemahema o ka hao ke kumu o ka anemia (ka helu koko ʻulaʻula haʻahaʻa), nāwaliwali, luhi, ʻeha poʻo, a me ka pōkole o ka hanu. Hiki i ka hao nui i loko o ka meaʻai ke hōʻino i ka ate, akā he ʻano kakaikahi kēia. ʻO ka hao maʻemaʻe he mea hana keʻena hana a ʻaʻole loaʻa ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka ʻoihana.