Isuku ryinshi Nano Fe Ifu ya High-Entropy Alloys

Gukoresha inganda nkicyuma cya karubone ni nyinshi kandi zirenga 410 zose zivanze. Ibyuma bya karubone ni amavuta yicyuma arimo karubone muburyo butandukanye, mubisanzwe bigera kuri 1.7%. Ibindi byuma nabyo byinjijwe mubyuma bya karubone kugirango bitange ibyuma bike. Ubusanzwe ibyo byuma ni nikel na chromium kandi bishyirwa mubyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma byabikoresho, hamwe nicyuma kirwanya ubushyuhe. Ibyuma bitarimo ibyuma nkibyuma, ibyuma bikozwe, nikel icyuma na silicon ibyuma nabyo bifite akamaro gakomeye. Ubundi buryo bukoreshwa mubyuma ni nkibikoresho byinganda. Ikoreshwa muburyo bwa catalizator mubikorwa bya Haber muguhuza ammonia, no mubikorwa bya Fischer-Tropsch mugukora lisansi yubukorikori. Ibikurikira ni ingero zimwe na zimwe zikoreshwa: imiti, imiti yica udukoko, ifu ya metallurgie nibindi; nk'amashanyarazi ashyushye ya hydrogène, moteri ya gel, moteri yaka, catalizator, isuku y'amazi adsorbent, imashini ikora, nibindi; bikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byifu ya metallurgie, ubwoko bwibice byose byubukanishi nibicuruzwa, sima ya karbide, nibindi; nk'umukozi ugabanya kimwe no gukoreshwa mu gukora umunyu w'icyuma n'inganda za elegitoroniki; nk'inyongeramusaruro (fer fortifier), yo guta, cyangwa nkigabanya; mu nganda za elegitoroniki, ifu ya metallurgie. Icyuma ni imyunyu ngugu ikoreshwa mugukomeza ibiryo bikenewe mugukumira amaraso make, bigabanya ubukana bwa hemoglobine bityo umubare wa ogisijeni uhabwa ingirangingo. Inkomoko zirimo sulfate ferric ammonium, chloride, fructose, glycerophos- phate, nitrate, fosifate, pyrophosphate na ferrous ammonium sulfate, citrate, sulfate, na sodium fer edta. ifishi ya ferricike (fe3 +) nicyuma muburyo bwa valence ndende kandi ferrous (fe2 +) nicyuma muburyo bwa valence yo hasi. isoko y'icyuma ntigomba guhinduka cyangwa kongeramo uburyohe kandi igomba kuba ihamye. ifu y'icyuma itanga ibara rike kandi ryoroshye. ikoreshwa mugukomeza ifu, ibicuruzwa bitetse, pasta, nibicuruzwa byimbuto. Gushonga ibyuma biva mu bucukuzi bwabyo bibaho mu itanura riturika aho karubone (kokiya) na hekestoneare yashyutswe n'ubutare bigatuma icyuma mu bucukuzi kigabanuka kandi gihinduka icyuma cya tomolten, cyitwa "icyuma cy'ingurube." Icyuma cy'ingurube cyashongeshejwe kiracyafite karubone na silikoni nka wellas zimwe na zimwe zanduye kuko zegeranya munsi yitanura hamwe nigishishwa cyashongeshejwe kireremba hejuru yicyuma. Byombi byarakuweho kandi birashishwa. Iyi nzira irashobora gukomeza kubera ko ibintu byinshi bishobora kongerwamo nkuko ibyuma na slag bivanwa munsi yitanura.Ubu buryo bwicyuma ntabwo ari ingirakamaro cyane mubicuruzwa, bitewe nuko buvunitse kandi budakomeye cyane.Bimwe mubyateye imbere mu buhanga bwo gushonga ibyuma byari iterambere ryibikorwa bya Bessemer na Henry Bessemer (1813–1898). Muri ubu buryo, umwuka uhumanye cyangwa ogisijeni uhatirwa binyuze mu cyuma cy’ingurube cyashongeshejwe kugirango uhindure (gutwika) karubone n’indi myanda. Steelis yahise ikorwa mu itanura rya ogisijeni ku gahato, aho karubone ishonga mu cyuma ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Guhindura ubukana nibindi biranga ibyuma birashobora kugerwaho hiyongereyeho amavuta hamwe no gufatira hamwe, kuzimya gukomera, no guhindagura ibyuma. Ifu ya metallurgie (sintering) ni inzira ifu yifu cyangwa ibindi byuma bihurizwa hamwe kumuvuduko mwinshi nta bushyuhe bwinshi kugeza imiterere yabumbwe. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mugukora ibice byicyuma kimwe (kimwe mubice byose ).Bimwe mubintu byingenzi biranga ibyuma ni magnetisme karemano, itakaza ubushyuhe bwa athigh. Magnetism irashobora kandi kwinjizwa mubicuruzwa byuma hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi. Magneti yingero zose nuburyo bukoreshwa muri moteri, kumenagura atom, scaneri ya CT, na TV na ecran ya mudasobwa, toname ikoreshwa bike. Super magnet irashobora gukorwa mugushyiramo ibindi bintu (reba cobalt) tohigh nziza-nziza.Iron nikintu cyingenzi kigize hemoglobinine mumaraso, itwara ogisijeni mumasemburo ya mybodies. Nibyingenzi cyane nkibintu byerekana intete, bifasha mukwangiza ibiryo kugirango bitange ingufu. Dukeneye miligarama 10 kugeza kuri 18 zumunsi wicyuma, nkumunyu ngugu.Iron iboneka mubicuruzwa byumwijima ninyama, amagi, shellfish, imboga rwatsi rwatsi, amashaza, ibishyimbo, hamwe nintete zose. Kubura fer birashobora gutera amaraso make (kubara amaraso atukura atukura), intege nke, umunaniro, kubabara umutwe, no guhumeka neza. Ibyuma byinshi muri thediet birashobora kwangiza umwijima, ariko ibi nibintu bidasanzwe. Icyuma cyiza ni ibikoresho bya laboratoire kandi ugasanga bidakoreshwa cyane mu nganda.