01020304
Umupaka munini wa molekile nto - RNA igamije
2024-03-07 15:49:45
Kuva kera abantu batekereza ko gukoresha imiti mugukurikirana RNA ntacyo byari bimaze kubera imiterere yayo ihindagurika. Iyo abahanga batsinze, mubisanzwe kubwimpanuka.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, nk'urugero, Merck yavumbuye antibiyotike igerageza mu iterambere ikumira ubwoko bwa bagiteri RNA. Pfizer yatsitaye ko imiti yacyo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ihindurwa rya poroteyine igenga cholesterol.
Ubu, ibigo byibiyobyabwenge birashaka kubikora. Hifashishijwe uburyo bwiza bwo gutondekanya, uburyo bwo gusuzuma, hamwe no gusobanukirwa kwinshi kwa RNA, abashakashatsi barashobora gufata byoroshye kugaragara kwa molekile zamakuru no gushushanya imiti ibahuza. Niba bigenze neza, birashobora gufasha kugera kuntego zindwara molekile nto idashobora kugeraho, itanga uburyo bushya bwo kuvura indwara zifata ubwonko, kanseri nibindi bihe.
01 Niki molekile nto yibasira RNA?
Nibuye fatizo ryinganda zimiti kandi zigize umubare munini wibiyobyabwenge kumasoko. Ariko urugero rwa molekile nto ni ntarengwa. Muri genes zigera ku 20.000 zizwi, abagera ku 3.000 bafatwa nk'ibikoreshwa, bivuze ko zishobora kwibasirwa n'ibiyobyabwenge. Muri poroteyine bakora, amajana make gusa ni yo yibasira imiti iriho. Izindi poroteyine nyinshi ntizifite "umufuka" aho molekile nto zishobora gushiramo, bigatuma bigorana kubigeraho.
Kwibanda kuri molekile ya RNA ifasha gukora poroteyine ziterwa n'indwara zishobora guha abakora ibiyobyabwenge indi nzira. Mubyigisho, imiti irashobora guhagarika umusaruro wa poroteyine ishobora kwangiza cyangwa ikabyara poroteyine nziza.
Ubundi buryo busa, bukoreshwa na Ionis Pharmaceuticals nandi masosiyete, bukoresha imirongo ya acide nucleic yitwa antisense oligonucleotide kugirango igenzure cyangwa ihagarike umusaruro wa poroteyine. Ibigo byombi byateye imbere mu bushakashatsi bwa RNA, cyane cyane byibanda ku miti ivura indwara zidasanzwe nka spinal muscular atrophy na tiroyide transamyloidose, ndetse n’ibisanzwe nka cholesterol nyinshi. Ingaruka zibiyobyabwenge zirashobora kumara amezi icyarimwe.
Nubwo hari intambwe igaragara imaze guterwa mu kugeza ubwo buvuzi bwa RNA mu mubiri, buracyagarukira gusa ku ntego z’indwara mu mwijima, bivuze ko hakiri indwara nyinshi zidashobora kuvurwa.
03 Molekile nto yibasira RNA nintambwe ikurikira.
Uwa mbere wabikoze ni Evrysdi, ibiyobyabwenge byateguwe na Roche na PTC Therapeutics kandi byemejwe mu 2020 kugira ngo bifashe gukora poroteyine ibura ku barwayi bafite imitsi y’umugongo. Umuti w’indwara ya Huntington ukomoka muri Novartis witwa branaplam nawo uri mu bigeragezo by’abantu, ariko ibibazo by’umutekano biherutse bishobora kubangamira iterambere ryayo.
Kugeza ubu, nta gutangira guteza imbere molekile ntoya ya RNA yajyanye imiti mu mavuriro. Ariko imiyoboro imwe nimwe yamasosiyete itangiye gushingwa. Skyhawk isa nkaho iri mu ijoro ryo kwinjira mu bigeragezo by’amavuriro, kandi iyi sosiyete mbere yavuze ko iteganya gutangira kwimura ibiyobyabwenge byayo mu manza z’abantu mu gihe runaka uyu mwaka.