Iyini i-High-entropy alloys?

Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo

Ama-alloys ane-high-entropy (HEAs) ama-alloys akhiwa ngokuxuba izingxenye ezilinganayo noma ezinkulu kakhulu (imvamisa) zezinto ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinto, ama-alloys ensimbi ajwayelekile ayehlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa noma ezimbili ezinkulu ezinamanani amancane ezinye izakhi.

Isibonelo, izakhi ezengeziwe zingangezwa ku-ayoni ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka ingxubevange esekwe ku-iron, kodwa ngokuvamile ngezilinganiso eziphansi kakhulu, njengezilinganiso zekhabhoni, i-manganese, nezinye ezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ama-alloys ane-high-entropy ayisigaba esisha sezinto zokwakha.

Igama elithi "ama-alloys ane-entropy ephezulu" laqanjwa ngenxa yokuthi ukwanda kwe-entropy kokuxubana kuphezulu kakhulu uma kunenombolo enkulu yezinto kumxube, futhi izilinganiso zazo zicishe zilingane.

Application Prospect

Ithemba lokusetshenziswa kwama-alloys aphezulu e-entropy libanzi kakhulu, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi izici zabo eziyingqayizivele Ezicacile zomzimba namakhemikhali. Nazi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindaweni ezithile:

I-1.I-Aerospace: Ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu, ubulukhuni obukhulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kanye nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ama-alloys aphezulu-entropy angcono kakhulu ekwenzeni izinjini zamarokhethi, izingxenye zesathelayithi kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo sezindiza ezidinga ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokunye okweqisayo. izindawo. Ukwengeza, ama-alloys aphezulu-entropy angasetshenziswa futhi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zezimoto ze-hypersonic nasezindaweni ezifana nama-aeroengine turbine blades.

2.Imboni yezimoto: Ukumelana nomthelela kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwama-alloys aphezulu e-entropy kuwenza abe yi-Ideal esebenza kahle kakhulu yenjini yezimoto, ukudlulisa, i-chassis kanye nezingxenye zomzimba ezibaliwe. Lezi zici zifaka isandla ekuqineni nasekuphepheni kwemoto.

I-3.Imboni ye-elekthronikhi: Ngenxa yezici ze-conductivity ephezulu kagesi, izinga eliphezulu le-thermal conductivity kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme zokuvikela i-electromagnetic, ama-alloys aphezulu e-entropy anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ekwenziweni kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, izifunda ezihlanganisiwe namaseli elanga. Lokhu kuzosiza ukushayela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nethrendi yokwenza izinto ezincane ze-elekthronikhi.

4.Amandla enuzi nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwezempi: Ngaphezu kwalezi zicelo ezingenhla, ama-alloys aphezulu e-entropy angasetshenziswa futhi ekuvikeleni iziqhingi ezincane ze-nuclear, ukumbozwa kwendawo yensimbi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene namandla ezempi noma enuzi. Lokhu kubonisa ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwama-alloys aphezulu e-entropy ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezikhethekile nezimfuneko.

5.I-Structural Mechanics kanye Nokuguqulwa Kwamandla Nokugcinwa: Ama-alloys aphezulu e-entropy kulindeleke ukuthi adlale indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wobukhenikha besakhiwo ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo zemishini ezinhle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungaba khona ekuguquleni amandla nasekugcinweni nakho kufanelekile ukunakwa nocwaningo

Phenya.

6.Imishini yezokwelapha: I-biocompatibility kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwe-high-entropy alloys ibanika amandla okusebenza emkhakheni wemishini yezokwelapha, njengokufakwa kwamazinyo, imishini yamathambo, nezinye izinto zezokwelapha ezidinga ukufakelwa isikhathi eside emzimbeni womuntu. Ngokuvamile, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nenqubekelaphambili yesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezinto ezintsha, kungabikezelwa ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo nentuthuko eyengeziwe ekusetshenzisweni kwama-alloys aphezulu kakhulu izovela esikhathini esizayo.