Frontier Yaikulu ya mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono - RNA yolunjika

2024-03-07 15:49:45

Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu akhala akuganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pofufuza RNA kunali kopanda phindu chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake. Asayansi akachita bwino, nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwangozi.

Mwachitsanzo, m’zaka khumi zapitazi, Merck watulukira mankhwala oyesera opha tizilombo amene amaletsa mtundu wa bakiteriya wa RNA. Pfizer adakhumudwa kuti mankhwala ake amatha kusokoneza kumasulira kwa mapuloteni omwe amawongolera cholesterol.

Tsopano, makampani opanga mankhwala akufuna kuchita zomwezo. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zabwino zotsatirira, njira zowunikira, komanso kumvetsetsa bwino kwa RNA, ofufuza amatha kujambula mosavuta mawonekedwe a mamolekyu azidziwitso ndikupanga mankhwala omwe amamatira. Ngati atapambana, atha kuthandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga za matenda zomwe mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono sangathe kufikira, kupereka njira zatsopano zochizira matenda a neurodegenerative, khansa ndi zina. 18383a279538923fe77cddddlkv

01 Kodi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowera ku RNA ndi chiyani?

Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amayang'ana mapuloteni, kutsekereza kapena kusintha momwe amagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amatha kufikira minofu yambiri m'thupi la munthu, kulowa m'maselo, ndikumangirira pamalo opindika ndi opindika pomwe chandamale.

Ndiwo maziko amakampani opanga mankhwala ndipo amapanga mankhwala ambiri pamsika. Koma kukula kwa mamolekyu ang’onoang’ono kuli ndi malire. Pamajini pafupifupi 20,000 odziwika, pafupifupi 3,000 amatengedwa kuti ndi odyedwa, kutanthauza kuti amatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Mwa mapuloteni omwe amapanga, mazana owerengeka okha ndi omwe amatsata mankhwala omwe alipo. Mapuloteni ena ambiri alibe "matumba" momwe mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amatha kulowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzifika.

Kutsata mamolekyu a RNA omwe amathandiza kupanga mapuloteni okhudzana ndi matenda kungapangitse opanga mankhwala njira ina. Mwachidziwitso, mankhwalawa amatha kulepheretsa kupanga puloteni yomwe ingakhale yovulaza kapena kupanga mapuloteni opindulitsa kwambiri.

02 Pang'ono molekyu Ubwino wosiyanasiyana wakulunjika ku RNA.

Mankhwala omwe amasokoneza RNA atsimikizira kukhala zida zothandiza pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Imodzi ikuchokera ku Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, yomwe inayambitsa njira yotchedwa RNA interference yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a RNA kuti athetse chibadwa, kuwalepheretsa kupanga mapuloteni ovulaza.

Njira ina yofananira, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ionis Pharmaceuticals ndi makampani ena, amagwiritsa ntchito mizere ya nucleic acid yotchedwa antisense oligonucleotides kulamulira kapena kuzimitsa kupanga mapuloteni. Makampani onsewa ali ndi kafukufuku wapamwamba wa RNA, makamaka akuyang'ana mankhwala ochizira matenda osowa majini monga spinal muscular atrophy ndi transamyloidosis ya chithokomiro, komanso zinthu zofala kwambiri monga cholesterol yapamwamba. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatha miyezi ingapo.

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwapangidwa popereka mankhwalawa a RNA m'thupi, akadali ocheperako ku zolinga za matenda m'chiwindi, kutanthauza kuti pali matenda ambiri omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa.

03 Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono omwe akulunjika ku RNA ndi sitepe yotsatira.

Ngakhale mankhwala angapo opangidwa paukadaulo wina wa RNA alowa pamsika m'zaka zaposachedwa, mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono omwe amatha kulunjika ku RNA akungoyamba kuwonetsa kuthekera kwawo.

Woyamba kuchita izi anali Evrysdi, mankhwala opangidwa pamodzi ndi Roche ndi PTC Therapeutics ndipo adavomerezedwa mu 2020 kuti athandize kupanga mapuloteni omwe akusowa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi spinal muscular atrophy. Mankhwala oyesera a matenda a Huntington ochokera ku Novartis otchedwa branaplam alinso m'mayesero a anthu, koma zovuta zaposachedwa zachitetezo zitha kulepheretsa kupita kwake patsogolo.

Pakadali pano, palibe kuyambitsa kupanga mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a RNA omwe adatenga mankhwala kumayesero azachipatala. Koma mapaipi amakampani ena ayamba kupanga. Skyhawk ikuwoneka kuti ili m'masiku oyambilira olowa m'mayesero azachipatala, ndipo kampaniyo idanenapo kale kuti ikukonzekera kusuntha mankhwala ake oyamba m'mayesero a anthu chaka chino.